Aging is associated with reductions in fasting GLP-1 and GIP, and glucose-stimulated GLP-1, which may predispose to the development of glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes.
In GIP<sup>gfp/gfp</sup> mice, weight gain, subcutaneous and visceral fat mass were reduced, and glucose intolerance was improved compared with wild-type mice with the same magnitude of insulin responses.
There was a weak relationship between the iAUC<sub>0-240 min</sub> for GIP and GLP-1 in the combined (r = 0.23, P = 0.015) and in the IGT (r = 0.34, P = 0.01), but not in the NGT (r = 0.15, P = 0.14) group.
Vildagliptin blocks glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) inactivation of the meal induced increases in GLP-1 and GIP so that elevated GLP-1 and GIP levels are maintained over 24 h. The primary insulin secretion effect of vildagliptin is to improve the impaired sensitivity of the β-cells to glucose in subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); this effect was seen acutely and maintained over at least 2 years in patients with T2DM.
Incretin hormones (glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1] and gastric inhibitory polypeptide [GIP]) may play a role in the development of glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia in patients with hyperthyroidism.
Insulin levels were equivalently elevated in both Lep<sup>ob/ob</sup>/GIP<sup>+/+</sup> and Lep<sup>ob/ob</sup>/GIP<sup>gfp/gfp</sup> mice compared to controls at 8 weeks of age but the hyperinsulinemia was marginally reduced in Lep<sup>ob/ob</sup>/GIP<sup>gfp/gfp</sup> by 21 weeks, in association with amelioration of glucose intolerance.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes regulating insulin secretion (SLC2A2 [encoding GLUT2], GCK, TCF1 [encoding HNF-1alpha], HNF4A, GIP, and GLP1R) are associated with the conversion from impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to type 2 diabetes in participants of the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study.