Since 2005, the approved first-line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma consists in tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs).
VEGFR and mTOR inhibitors are broadly used in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) therapy, and sequential first-line pazopanib (VEGFR inhibitor) and second-line everolimus (mTOR inhibitor) is a standard treatment option.
Recently, nivolumab, a programmed death-1 (PD1) checkpoint inhibitor, improved overall survival benefit compared to everolimus after failure of one or two VEGFR-targeted therapies, which is likely to become the first established checkpoint inhibitor in mRCC.
Effects of VEGF and VEGFR polymorphisms on the outcome of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The aim of this retrospective study was to elucidate the role of 10 known SNPs in VEGFA, VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 as potential prognostic and predictive markers in an independent cohort of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).
We demonstrate that simultaneous targeting of molecules that control distinct phases of angiogenesis, such as ALK1 and VEGFR, is a valid strategy for treatment of mRCC.
No SNP predicted axitinib outcomes.Although VEGFR2rs2071559 predicted sorafenib efficacy in patients with mRCC, sensitivity/specificity limitations preclude its use for selecting individual patients for sorafenib treatment.