In addition, the loss of ALDH1, ARID1A, and CD44 and the overexpression of CAIX are important for tumor invasion and metastasis; therefore, they may serve as useful prognostic indicators of long-term survival in patients with GA.
As an example, we observed that the gene CCDC168 has no mutations in the stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) cohort despite its common presence in other tumor types.
The mean infiltration rates of CD68- and CD163-positive cells in PD-L1-positive GAC were significantly higher than in PD-L1-negative GAC (CD68 p = 0.0002; CD163 p < 0.0001).
CD44 and CD24 expression levels were investigated immunohistochemically in tumor samples from 290 patients with non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma, of whom 77 had paired adjacent normal gastric mucosa.
The expression of CD3zeta chain was measured in T-cell lines from patients with gastric adenocarcinoma and healthy volunteers and grown in vitro for several months and, hence, in the absence of any tumor-derived factors.
Widely affecting multiple common human cancer types, including adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (27%), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (8%), and stomach adenocarcinoma (2%), these SVs invariably lead to a marked elevation of aberrant PD-L1 transcripts that are stabilized by truncation of the 3'-untranslated region (UTR).
The mean infiltration rates of CD68- and CD163-positive cells in PD-L1-positive GAC were significantly higher than in PD-L1-negative GAC (CD68 p = 0.0002; CD163 p < 0.0001).
We characterized the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in peripheral blood and tumor infiltrating cells and analyzed the association between PD-1/PD-L1 expression and disease progression in a cohort of 60 patients with Helicobacter pylori infection, including 18 with gastric adenocarcinoma, 23 with gastritis, and 19 asymptomatic controls.
The expression of CD44 splice variant containing exon 14 (variant exon 9: CD44v9) was examined immunohistochemically in non-neoplastic mucosa, adenoma and adenocarcinoma of the stomach and analyzed the relation with the expression of Ki-67 antigen and p53 protein.
In addition, the loss of ALDH1, ARID1A, and CD44 and the overexpression of CAIX are important for tumor invasion and metastasis; therefore, they may serve as useful prognostic indicators of long-term survival in patients with GA.
The mean infiltration rates of CD68- and CD163-positive cells in PD-L1-positive GAC were significantly higher than in PD-L1-negative GAC (CD68 p = 0.0002; CD163 p < 0.0001).