IL2 is a type I cytokine that is associated, when given at high doses intravenously, with durable regressionin a subset of patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, yet high toxicity limits its use.
High-dose interleukin-2 and interferon as first-line immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma: long-term follow-up in a large unselected Danish patient cohort.
All MM cases (excluding ocular MM, n = 837) diagnosed in three non-consecutive years marked by major changes in the first-line treatments (2012: interleukin-2 and BRAF inhibitors; 2014: anti-CTLA-4: Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 and 2016: anti-PD-1: programmed cell death protein 1 and MEK inhibitors) were retrieved.
Based on its ability to stimulate cytotoxic T cells, interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been used to treat patients with metastatic melanoma and metastatic kidney cancer.
Successful combination therapy of systemic checkpoint inhibitors and intralesional interleukin-2 in patients with metastatic melanoma with primary therapeutic resistance to checkpoint inhibitors alone.
Phase II clinical trial of adoptive cell therapy for patients with metastatic melanoma with autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and low-dose interleukin-2.
5-(3,3-Dimethyle-1-Triazeno) Imidazole-4-Carboxamide and Interleukin-2 Adjuvant Therapy in Resected High-Risk Primary and Regionally Metastatic Melanoma.
We report the case of a 62-year-old female with metastatic melanoma who developed primary cutaneous small/medium CD4 T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (PC-SMTCL) after treatment with vemurafenib and recombinant high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2).
We conducted a pilot study in patients with metastatic melanoma receiving ipilimumab (IPI) or pembrolizumab (PEMBRO) to assess safety and feasibility of SPECT/CT imaging with <sup>99m</sup>Tc- interleukin-2 (<sup>99m</sup>Tc-HYNIC-IL2) to detect TILs and distinguish between true progression from pseudo- progression.
In 1998, high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) was the first immunotherapy approved for the treatment of metastatic melanoma based on durable objective responses documented in a subset of patients but widespread utilization was limited by significant toxicity.
Considering tumor-induced suppression of lymphocytes the aim of this study was to investigate in vitro effects of IFN-α, IL-2, IL-12 and IL-18 as immunomodulating agents on the functional and receptor characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in metastatic melanoma (MM) patients compared to healthy controls (HC).
Clinical trials using IL-2 for metastatic melanoma therapy that reported: dosage, combinations, study details, definitions and clinical CR, PR, and overall response (OR) rates were included.
Combined treatment with ipilimumab and intratumoral interleukin-2 in pretreated patients with stage IV melanoma-safety and efficacy in a phase II study.
The timing of the event was categorized as occurring before, during or after IL-2 or related to any checkpoint inhibitor (CPI). mM patients and mRCC patients were analyzed separately.
Of note, we had previously reported a similar phenomenon in patients with metastatic melanoma who failed high dose interleukin-2 and were then placed on a finite course of temozolomide with rapid complete responses that have remained durable for many years after discontinuation of temozolomide.
Thirty-three patients with metastatic melanoma were treated in a cell dose-escalation trial of autologous TILs transduced with a gene encoding a single-chain IL12 driven by a nuclear factor of the activated T cells promoter (NFAT.IL12).No IL2 was administered.
Part II of this continuing medical education article will discuss the treatment options for stage IV melanoma, including novel therapies, such as ipilimumab and vemurafenib; established therapies, including high-dose interleukin-2, conventional chemotherapy, and biochemotherapy; and additional therapies currently under investigation in the form of clinical trials.