Indeed, SCD5 re-established the sensitivity to all-trans retinoic acid in A375M metastatic melanoma, associated with increased levels of Tyrosinase, melanin production and reduced proliferation.
The expression profiles for the 12 biomarkers were poorly conserved throughout these studies with only TYR, S100B and SPP1 showing consistently elevated expression in metastatic melanoma versus normal skin.
Tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in melanin synthesis, is expressed in nearly all primary and metastatic melanoma lesions and thus is an attractive target for TCR-based gene therapy using adoptive cell transfer.
RT-PCR mRNA tyrosinase expression was analysed in 79 urine samples from patients with metastatic melanoma and correlated with standard morphology/immunocytology.
Two clinical trials were conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy and immunologic impact of vaccination against the tyrosinase protein plus systemic interleukin 2 (IL-2) administration in patients with advanced metastatic melanoma.
The finding of melanoma cells in the peripheral blood, thus far mainly inferred from the PCR-based demonstration of tyrosinase mRNA, has been associated with metastatic melanoma.
In the context of a vaccination trial using full-length tyrosinase (Ty) to immunize patients with metastatic melanoma, a monitoring technique was developed in which autologous dendritic cells (DC) infected with a recombinant adenovirus encoding the Ty protein were used to assess the Ty-specific reactivity of fresh peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) collected from patients at different intervals during therapy.
CSF was collected and assessed by RT-PCR for three known melanoma-associated markers (MAGE-3, MART-1, and tyrosinase) to detect occult metastatic melanoma cells in the CSF of 37 American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage IV melanoma patients.
To systematically review the use of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for tyrosinase messenger RNA as a molecular serum marker for metastatic melanoma.
The time of survival of 8 patients with metastatic melanoma and detectable tyrosinase mRNA in either blood or bone marrow was not different from the prognosis of 12 patients without detectable tyrosinase mRNA in either blood or bone marrow.
Tyrosinase reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was applied to search for metastatic melanoma in the sentinel lymph node and in further lymph nodes of a complete lymph node basin in patients who underwent lymph node dissection.
We identified circulating CD8+ T-cell populations specific for the tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) MART-1 (27-35) or tyrosinase (368-376) in six of eleven patients with metastatic melanoma using peptide/HLA-A*0201 tetramers.
Melanoma cells derived from primary tumors or tyrosinase-positive metastatic melanoma cells expressed MSG1 after TPA treatment, while tyrosinase-negative metastatic melanoma cells or nonmelanocytic cells did not.
The hypothesis was that if mRNA for tyrosinase is found in the lymph node preparation, that finding is good evidence that metastatic melanoma cells are present.