DS-7423, a novel, small-molecule dual inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), is currently in phase I clinical trials for solid tumors.
Although benign epithelial cells express very low levels of EZH2, increased levels of EZH2 have been observed in aggressive solid tumors such as those of the prostate, breast and bladder.
The association of this p.G60APTPN11 mutation with neuroblastoma provides new evidence that gain of function PTPN11 mutations may play an important role in the pathogenesis of solid tumors associated with Noonan syndrome.
This phase I, four-arm, open-label study (NCT01347866) evaluated the PI3K/mTOR inhibitors PF-04691502 (arms A, B) and gedatolisib (PF-05212384; arms C, D) in combination with the MEK inhibitor PD-0325901 (arm A, D) or irinotecan (arm B, C) in patients with advanced solid tumors.
Numerous PI3K inhibitors including pan-PI3K, isoform-selective and dual PI3K/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have exhibited favorable preclinical results and entered clinical trials in a range of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.
In the dose-expansion phase, patients with PIK3CA-altered solid tumors and PIK3CA-wild-type, estrogen receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer received alpelisib 400 mg once daily.
Ultimately, an improved understanding of the clinical impact of PIK3CA mutations is critical for the development of optimally personalized therapeutics against breast cancer and other solid tumors.
Previous case reports have shown the promising antitumor activity of everolimus in solid tumors containing molecular aberrations in PI3K/ATK/mTOR pathway, however, whether it is effective in patients with breast cancer remains unknown.
Gain-of-function (GOF) mutations of protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 11 Ptpn11 (Shp2), a protein tyrosine phosphatase implicated in multiple cell signaling pathways, are associated with childhood leukemias and solid tumors.
Phase Ia/Ib study of the pan-class I PI3K inhibitor pictilisib (GDC-0941) administered as a single agent in Japanese patients with solid tumors and in combination in Japanese patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer.
Because PI3Kalpha harbors recurrent somatic mutations resulting in gains of function in human cancers, it has emerged as an important drug target for many types of solid tumors.
We now know that at least one other PTP, the SH2 domain-containing phosphatase Shp2, is a bona fide oncogene that is mutated in several types of leukemia and hyperactivated by other mechanisms in some solid tumors.
Purpose We previously reported the phase I dose escalation study of buparlisib, a pan-class 1A PI3K inhibitor, combined with platinum/taxane-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumors.
Our results reveal an epigenetic block to differentiation in CC-ICs and demonstrate the potential for epigenetic differentiation therapy of a solid tumour through EZH2 inhibition.