To investigate whether endothelial cells become activated during tumorigenesis and progression of human gliomas by a platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) dependent pathway, we analyzed platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFR-beta) expression by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry in normal human brain, astrocytoma (grade II), anaplastic oligo-astrocytoma (grade III), and glioblastoma multiforme (grade IV).