Hormonal treatment exposition and smoking were found to act with a protective effect against ACPA production (OR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.3, 0.7, P = 0.001) and early bone erosion (OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.4-0.8, P = 0.003), respectively, and independently of HLADR and PTPN22 status.
We examined associations between HLA-SE, PTPN22, CTLA4 genotypes and RA phenotypes in a large cohort to (a) replicate prior associations with CCP status, and (b) determine associations with radiographic erosions and age of diagnosis.
Nine IRF5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were studied in 1,338 patients with RA and 1,342 control subjects in analyses of exploratory and replication sample collections, with stratification according to sex and by the presence or absence of ACPAs, rheumatoid factor, the shared epitope, the 620W PTPN22 allele, and erosions.