We show that the adoption of a neutral strategy (i.e. compensating for anthropogenic-induced losses with beach nourishment) will not be enough to cease beacherosion, given the negative impacts related to acceleration of future sea level rise.
This may be due to the fact that the greater the amount of material in suspension (as a consequence of greater energy for the same volume of water), the greater the possibility of collision between particles, and therefore, greater particle wear and greater erosion on the beach.
In fact, around 6000m<sup>3</sup> of net erosion occurred along the 420m stretch of coastline with maximum differences in beach topographic changes of 0.8m.
These results prove that the alongshore position of the wave farm controls the response of the beach to the extent that it may shift from accretionary to erosionary, and provide evidence of its effectiveness in countering erosion if appropriately positioned.
The third case study consisted of estimating the number of overwash events as a function of the height of the berm on a deltaic beach with erosion issues (Guadalfeo, Granada), and a simple design curve to help managers during the decision-making process of artificial nourishment projects was provided.
We show that winter wave energy equalled or exceeded measured historical maxima across the US West Coast, corresponding to anomalously large beacherosion across the region.