Interestingly, blockade of secreted Hp significantly reversed the (ET) state, confirmed by a significant rise in TNFα expression in both ex vivo and in vitro ET models, indicating a possible feedback inhibition by Hp on inflammatory mediators like TNFα.
The results show proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin- [IL-] 6, IL-1<i>β</i>, and tumor necrosis factor-<i>α</i>), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-<i>β</i>) expression was significantly increased after MP infection from both clinical and animal experiment.
TNF-α release was highest in AddaVax™/TAA and Imiquimod/TAA MPs treated DCs, while IL-6 secretion was highest from Imiquimod/TAA MPs as well as from combined AddaVax™/TAA and Imiquimod/TAA MPs.
However, the levels of IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α in patients with positive HP infection were significantly higher than those of patients with negative HP infection.