Inflammatory cytokine levels, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, in the blood have been associated with cognitive impairment and decline.However, evidence has been mixed.
In comparison with sham mice (anesthesia only), the surgery mice exhibited cognitive deficits in a fear conditioning paradigm at postsurgery day 3-7, and increased numbers of microglia and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) without change of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) in the hippocampus.
In conclusion, elevated circulating IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations at hospital discharge were associated with long-term cognitive dysfunction in ICU survivors.
Moreover, methane increased expression of IL-10 in the hippocampus 24 h after surgery, and blockade of IL-10 repressed the protective effect of methane on the cognitive impairments observed in MWM test, decreased microglial activation and the pro-inflammatory cytokine in plasma and hippocampal.
Patients with dysexecutive cognitive impairment had a higher concentration of IL-1β and IL-10 in liquor, IL-6 level in serum, and a lower fractional anisotropy of the ipsilateral thalamus than patients with normal cognition.
IL-10 levels did not correlate with tau biomarkers, but were associated with rates of longitudinal cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment due to AD (p = 0.006).
Based on the current literature, this study reviews evidence regarding the role of IL-10 polymorphisms in the context of AD, which has been shown to be of paramount importance for attenuating neuroinflammation, cognitive dysfunction and neurodegeneration.
No associations were found between the aforementioned polymorphisms and cognitive impairment in PD; thus no confirmatory evidence for the hypothesis of IL-10 and IL-18 alleles modulating the risk of cognitive impairment in Chinese PD patients was obtained.
Moreover, serum IL-10 levels were correlated with the extent of cognitive impairment, especially attentional performance in the schizophrenic A-allele carriers.
In the present study, we examined whether interleukin-10 (IL-10, 1082G/A), interleukin-17A (IL-17A) rs8193036, rs2275913 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) polymorphisms were associated with the risk of cognitive impairment in PD.
The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within interleukin (IL)-18, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 gene promoter regions are risk factors for cognitive decline in healthy octogenarians, and to isolate the strongest inflammatory biomarkers of cognitive function in the peripheral blood.