Treatment in vitro of GO orbital preadipocytes with recombinant sFRP-1 (100 nm) significantly increased adiponectin (2.0-fold; P < 0.05), leptin (7-fold; P < 0.002), and TSH receptor mRNA (13-fold; P < 0.003) levels and enhanced Oil red-O staining in the cultures.
In vitro differentiation of GO and normal preadipocytes resulted in enhanced adiponectin, leptin, and TSHr expression, with greater expression of the latter two genes in the GO cultures.