Laboratory tests for coagulopathy, including the PT 20210 A variant, should be added to the examination of patients with central or BRVO, especially if most common risk factors for thrombosis have been excluded.
The results showed that adenovirus expressing VHL led to a significant reduction in VEGF expression in vitro under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. adVHL effectively inhibited angiogenesis in retina and iris in laser-induced multiple BRVO in monkey eyes.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein on VEGF gene expression in vitro and to determine whether adenovirus-mediated VHL intraocular gene transfer inhibits the development of angiogenesis in a monkey model of multiple branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).
A 31 year old woman with essential hypertension grade III and branch retinal vein occlusion with homozygous C677TMTHFR hyperhomocysteinemia and high Lp(a) levels.
Currently the first-line therapies for BRVO include anti-VEGF and dexamethasone implant treatment, however, with direct or indirect damage on retinal neurons, it has limited effect in improving patients visual acuity.
The expressional levels of apoptosis related genes (Bax, Bcl-2) and inflammation related genes (IL-1 β, TNF α, MCP-1 and CCR2) were measured by real-time PCR, the results showed that minocycline treatment upregulated Bcl-2 expression and inhibits TNF α expression since early stage of BRVO.
The expressional levels of apoptosis related genes (Bax, Bcl-2) and inflammation related genes (IL-1 β, TNF α, MCP-1 and CCR2) were measured by real-time PCR, the results showed that minocycline treatment upregulated Bcl-2 expression and inhibits TNF α expression since early stage of BRVO.
The expressional levels of apoptosis related genes (Bax, Bcl-2) and inflammation related genes (IL-1 β, TNF α, MCP-1 and CCR2) were measured by real-time PCR, the results showed that minocycline treatment upregulated Bcl-2 expression and inhibits TNF α expression since early stage of BRVO.
In 139 patients with CRVO (n = 88) and BRVO (n = 51) and in 40 healthy controls factor VIII, fibrinogen, antithrombin III, protein C, protein S, activated protein C resistance, anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA), homocysteine, factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T mutation were assessed retrospectively.
Age-, gender- and C-reactive protein-adjusted logistic regression analysis did not show a significant additive effect of elevated factorVIII activity on the risk of developing CRVO/BRVO.
At the multiple logistic regression analysis, the adiponectin +275 T allele carrier and AGTR1 1166 C allele carrier status were found to be associated with an increased risk of BRVO (TT vs. GG and TG: odds ratio = 2.278, P = 0.002, 95% confidence interval: 1.370-3.789; CC vs. AA and AC: odds ratio = 1.804, P = 0.025, 95% confidence interval: 1.079-3.017).
At the multiple logistic regression analysis, the adiponectin +275 T allele carrier and AGTR1 1166 C allele carrier status were found to be associated with an increased risk of BRVO (TT vs. GG and TG: odds ratio = 2.278, P = 0.002, 95% confidence interval: 1.370-3.789; CC vs. AA and AC: odds ratio = 1.804, P = 0.025, 95% confidence interval: 1.079-3.017).
The genotype distributions or allelic frequencies of ACE I/D, eNOS E298D, and p22phox-242 C/T did not significantly differ between the patients with BRVO and the control subjects.
Histology showed disruption of tissue architecture and temporary swelling with marked hypoxia coinciding with increased VEGF-A and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression and elevation of proinflammatory cytokines within 3 days after experimental BRVO, followed by thinning of the inner retinal layers at later time points.
This is the second study in which we showed an increased retinal level of TTR following anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) intervention in experimental BRVO.