Our results revealed that six key pathways might be associated with longevity, including the longevity-regulating pathway, the peroxisome pathway, the mTOR-signalling pathway, the FOXO-signalling pathway, the AGE-RAGE-signalling pathway in diabetic complications, and the TGF-beta-signalling pathway.
In particular, ceramides and triglycerides with saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids were significantly changed by YJT, which were significantly associated with insulin resistance, the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and adipocytokine signaling pathway in pathway enrichment analysis.
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that target genes of miR-4792 were enriched in aminoacyltRNA biosynthesis, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, sphingolipid signaling pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, glycosaminoglycan degradation, and regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes.
These indicated that quercetin produced the therapeutic effects against cardiovascular disease by systemically and holistically regulating many signaling pathways, including Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, TNF signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
Checking and maintaining low glycated albumin levels would prevent the formation of AGE and may be useful to prevent the onset or progression of diabetes complications.
Moreover, five KEGG pathways were significantly enriched, including ECM-receptor interaction, amoebiasis, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, focal adhesion, protein digestion and absorption.
The AGE receptors 1, 2 and 3, which are encoded by DDOST, PRKCSH and LGALS3, respectively, may be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications.