Liver cancer dedifferentiation markers (AFP, CD133, EPCAM, and KRT19) were found to be progressively increased while hepatocyte terminal differentiation markers (ALB, G6PC, CYP3A4, and HNF4A) were progressively decreased from HCC patients with low SOX signature scores to patients with high SOX signature scores.
UGT1A7 polymorphisms were present in 93.2% of hepatocellular cancer patients, 74.5% carried the UGT1A7*3 allele (P < 0.001; OR, 10.76; 95% CI, 4.75-24.38), which combines the W208R, N129K, and R131K mutations and encodes a protein with low carcinogen detoxification activity.No UGT1A9 polymorphisms were detected.
EMS1 amplification and overexpresion is indicative of unfavorable prognosis in several cancers and may have similar prognostic implications in liver cancer.
Platelet-derived growth factor-receptor beta-like tumor suppressor gene (PRLTS) and deletion in liver cancer-1 tumor suppressor gene are located at 8p21.3-p22.
DLC1 (deleted in liver cancer), a gene in this interval, has been proposed as a candidate tumor suppressor gene because of its homology (86% similarity) with rat p122 RhoGAP, which catalyzes the conversion of active GTP-bound rho complex to the inactive GDP-bound form, and thus suppresses Ras-mediated oncogenic transformation.
CYP17 high-activity alleles associated with increased circulating levels of estrogens and androgens may affect liver cancer risk in HCV-infected women.
NDRG2 gene might express differently between normal tissues and cancer tissues, and might play an important role in the development of pancreatic cancer and liver cancer.
ADH1C genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism in a total of 818 patients with alcohol-associated esophageal (n=123), head and neck (n=84) and hepatocellular cancer (n=86) as well as in patients with alcoholic pancreatitis (n=117), alcoholic liver cirrhosis (n=217), combined liver cirrhosis and pancreatitis (n=17) and in alcoholics without gastrointestinal organ damage (n=174).