The most common alterations were TP53, KRAS, and CDKN2A in gallbladder carcinoma; TP53, KRAS, PIK3CA, and BRAF in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; and TP53 and SMAD4 in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
To investigate whether IDH1R132C mutant in combination with loss of p53 and activated Notch signaling promotes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) development.