These results showed that, in contrast to the reports on breast cancer, NDP kinase/nm23 expression in human pancreatic cancer is positively associated with lymph node metastasis or perineural invasion and with poor prognosis.
Differences in the expression patterns of the two tumor suppressor genes nm23-H1 and KAI1 may contribute to the different prognoses of papilla of Vater cancer and pancreatic cancer.