RSV disease was associated with a great regulatory cytokine response than healthy children, among 89 RSV-infected patients, serum IL-35 (P = .0001) and IL-10 (P = .006) was significantly elevated in comparison with healthy controls.
Nasosorption (but not NPA) levels of interferon γ, interleukin 1β, CCL5/RANTES, and interleukin 10 (IL-10) were elevated in RSV+ bronchiolitis (all P < .05), furthermore CCL5 and IL-10 correlated with RSV load (P < .05).
Conversely, murine studies indicate that the combined actions of regulatory factors such as CD4 regulatory T cells and IL-10 inhibit the inflammatory cytokine response and limit RSV-induced disease.
SNPs in several genes were associated with increased chronic respiratory morbidity (interleukin 10 (IL10), nitric oxide synthase 2A (NOS2A), surfactant protein C (SFTPC), matrix metalloproteinase 16 (MMP16) and vitamin D receptor (VDR)) and reduced lung function at 1 year (MMP16, NOS2A, SFTPC and VDR) in infants who had had RSV LRTIs.
We concluded that genetic variation in adaptive immunity genes and particularly in IL19/IL20 genes associates with the development of recurrent wheeze after RSV LRTI, suggesting a role for these IL10 family members in the etiology of airway disease during infancy.
Clinical studies have documented that certain polymorphisms in the gene encoding the regulatory cytokine IL-10 are associated with the development of severe bronchiolitis in RSV infected infants.
TLR4 signaling is required for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression, a DNA-binding protein that induces AA-M phi genes, whereas IFN-beta regulates IL-4, IL-13, IL-4R alpha, and IL-10 expression in response to RSV.
Infants with bronchiolitis associated with a virus other than respiratory syncytial virus (N = 18), were more often IL-10 -1082 allele G non-carriers, that is, homozygous for allele A (AA) than controls (66.7% vs. 28.0%, P < 0.0001).
The concentration of IL-10 (p=0.04) and TNF-alpha (p=0.006) in the RSV-positive group was significantly higher than in the hBoV-positive group, while there was no difference in other cytokines concentration between the two groups.
In children hospitalized at < or =6 months of age, a significant association between RSV bronchiolitis and the IL-10 -592C allele was found (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.10-2.35).
Analysis of total pulmonary cytokine mRNA isolated 1 and 4 days following infection with rRSV/mIL-2 revealed elevated levels of mRNA for IL-2, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-12 p40 compared to those for wt rRSV.