Altogether, these results suggest that the detection of PSM-expressing cells in blood may predict the development of cancer in patients without clinically apparent prostate cancer.
Circulating prostate specific membrane antigen polymerase chain reaction signals were identified mostly in patients with advanced prostate cancer and offered no benefit to preoperative staging.
Gene therapy using the PSM promoter to drive prostate-specific expression of various cytokines and other factors is another exciting potential application deserving of attention, and refinement of serum PSM assays may greatly add to the present array of diagnostic modalities offered to patients with suspected prostate cancer.
These results clearly show that expression of PSM-specific transcripts is closely associated with malignant transformation of the prostate; thus, in situ hybridization for detection of the transcripts is useful for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 2 groups of patients with prostate cancer were used for the detection of PSM messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) method.
We examined the utility for prostate cancer staging of nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using either prostate specific antigen (PSA) or prostate specific membrane antigen (PSM) as primer.
New molecular techniques, such as reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for the detection of minimal amounts of PSA messenger RNA and prostate-specific membrane antigen, offer new promise for the prognosis and possibly staging of prostate cancer.
In the present study, we investigated the role of a peripheral blood-based, nested reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSM) in prostate cancer staging.
Sensitive and inexpensive detection of prostate cells in the circulation of patients with prostate cancer has been achieved using reverse transcriptase (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for prostate specific antigen and prostate specific membrane antigen.
In addition to prostate-specific antigen, prostate-specific membrane antigen and human kallikrein-2, the recently identified prostate stem cell antigen may also provide us with a new tool for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
We have mapped the human prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSM) gene to the chromosome 11p11.2 region at 62.5 cM, a region which also contains the prostatic cancer metastasis suppressor gene KAI-1.
The serum determination of the fPSA/tPSA ratio is an excellent index of PCa for subjects younger than 60 years of age; the clinical utility of PSA mRNA identification in circulating cells needs to be validated by large follow-up studies, and the analysis of PSM mRNA seems to be of no clinical interest.
Using lymph nodes and pre- and postoperative peripheral blood dissected from 30 patients with pT3N0 prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy, we used RT-PCR for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSM) and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) to determine the presence of prostate cancer.
Our reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction PSMA assay had a sensitivity of detecting 1 lymph node prostate cancer (LNCaP) per 10(7) lymphocytes.
We have successfully completed a phase I and phase II clinical trials on immunotherapy of prostate cancer using naked DNA and adenoviral immunizations against the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and phase I clinical trial on colorectal cancer using naked DNA immunization against the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA).
Murine six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate, prostate stem cell antigen, and prostate-specific membrane antigen: prostate-specific cell-surface antigens highly expressed in prostate cancer of transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate mice.
The PSMA promoter/enhancer expressed the luciferase reporter gene in the prostate cancer lines LNCaP and C4-2, with 8- to 20-fold higher expression than the simian virus 40 promoter/enhancer, although it was inactive in the other cell lines.
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a potential target in prostate cancer patients because it is very highly expressed and because it has been reported to be upregulated by androgen deprivation.
Due to the potential of the regulatory elements of the PSMA promoter and enhancer to be used in gene therapy and as biomarkers for prostate cancer under conditions of androgen ablation during treatment, we sequenced and analyzed the ability of 5.5 kb of PSMA promoter/leader region to promote transcription.
Thus we have identified delta-catenin (not previously associated with prostatic adenocarcinoma) and confirmed the potential of PSMA as potential candidates for the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer.
PSM' mRNA induced false-positive results, it is important for genetic diagnosis of prostate cancer to discriminate between PSM and PSM' using our primer sets with high specificity.