This study offers a reference for future research regarding the application in solid and hematologic malignancies, side effects and relapse, and even the production processes of CAR T cells.
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells have shown promising efficacy in treatment of hematological malignancies, but its applications in solid tumors need further exploration.
We also discuss the basic research and ongoing clinical trials on emerging immune checkpoints (Galectin-9/Tim-3, CD70/CD27, LAG-3, and LILRBs) and on new targets for CAR-T cell therapy (CD22, CD33, CD123, BCMA, CD38, and CD138) for the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
It is therefore hypothesized that targeting CAR T cells towards the tumor vasculature of solid tumors may share the excellent effects of CAR T cell therapy with that against hematological malignancies.
Despite the great success of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T)-cell therapy in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, CAR-T-cell therapy is limited in solid tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
CAR-T therapy has shown great success treating blood cancers, but drawbacks include high manufacturing costs and potentially fatal toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome.
This review focuses on application of CAR-T cells in hematologic malignancies beyond targeting CD19, with specific attention to Hodgkin's lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia.
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy is a novel cellular immunotherapy that is widely used to treat hematological malignancies, including acute leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma.
<b>Aim:</b> Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T (CAR-T) cells have gained huge success in treating hematological malignancies, yet the CD3ζ-based CAR-T therapies have not shown comparable clinical benefits in solid tumors.
Because CAR-T therapy has shown great success in treating CD19-positive hematological malignancies, its application has been explored in the treatment of solid tumors, such as liver cancer.
Whereas much of the early success with CAR-T cells has been demonstrated with hematological malignancies, important barriers remain for the application of CAR-T cell therapies for the management of metastatic solid tumors.
The biggest advances have been made with CAR T cells and many of those studies are now FDA approved as a routine treatment for some hematologic malignancies.
Recently, the biosynthetic chimeric antigen receptor engineered T cell (CAR-T) strategy was developed and exhibited encouraging clinical efficacy, especially in hematological malignancies.
CD19, CD20 chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy has shown promising results for the treatment of relapsed or refractory hematological malignancies.
These preclinical data suggest that ex vivo-exPBNK modified with anti-CD20 CAR may have therapeutic potential for treating patients with poor-risk CD20(+) hematologic malignancies.
Clinical success of autologous CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR Ts) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma suggests that CAR Ts may be a promising therapy for hematological malignancies, including multiple myeloma.