The VDR AA homozygous genotype was seen in 30(16.7%) patients with LDD and 20(8.7%) controls (codominant model: OR = 2.48; 95% CI 1.30-4.73, P = .005) with an estimated approximately 2.5-fold risk of developing LDD in individuals with this genotype.
LDD is closely associated in occurrence and severity with occupational, environmental risk factors and susceptibility genes namely MMP-3, and VDR (ApaI).