The expression of the nuclear transcription factors activating protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) as well as that of lymphokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were compared in T cells obtained from normal subjects, children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) and children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) before any treatment was given.