The transcriptome of keratinocytes stimulated with IFN-γ and TNF-α correlated significantly with the shared gene regulations of lichen planus and lupus erythematosus.
The proportion of indeterminate IGRA results was higher in patients with active lupus than in those with inactive lupus (45.3% vs. 0.0%, p < 0.001) because of decreased ex vivo IFN-γ production.
The relative expressions of T-bet/GATA-3 and IFN-gamma/IL-4 correlated with lupus disease activity (r = 0.229, p = 0.042; r = 0.231, p = 0.040, respectively).
Sixteen of 19 cutaneous LE specimens lacked IL-2, all were negative for IL-4, and 10 of 19 had detectable IL-10, whereas IFN-gamma and IL-5 messenger RNAs were present in the majority of LE specimens.