We will also discuss interactions of the NPS system with two well-described neuropeptides, namely corticotropin-releasing factor and oxytocin, which may contribute to the fear- and anxiety-reducing effects.
To gain insight into this paradox, we examined the NPS system in rats and mice bred for high anxiety-related behavior (HAB) versus low anxiety-related behavior, and, thereafter, determined the effect of central NPS administration on anxiety- and fear-related behavior.