The inhibitory therapy with mechanistic target of Rapamycin (mTOR) and Avastin may favor the epithelial to mesenchymal transition by podoplanin and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) pathways in liver metastasis pancreatic graft to CAM.
Our data showed that: tuberous sclerosis 2 (TSC2) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) were downregulated in most of the primary tumors, and their low expression was significantly associated with shorter disease-free and overall survival; somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) was absent or very low in insulinomas compared with nonfunctioning tumors; and expression of fibroblast growth factor 13 (FGF13) gene was significantly associated with the occurrence of liver metastasis and shorter disease-free survival.
In the present study, we developed two novel cultured cell lines (designated GLM-1 and GLM-2) and one transplantable line in nude mice (designated GLM-3) derived from liver metastasis of gastric cancer patients.