These findings support the potential beneficial effect of the IL-6 blockade on the mechanisms associated with the development of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in patients with RA.
Factors associated with MS were female sex (prevalence ratio [PR]=2.16; 95% CI, 1.04-4.49), age-adjusted institutionalization time >50% (PR=2.38, 95% CI, 1.46-3.88), and high concentrations of interleukin-6 (PR=2.01; 95% CI, 1.21-3.32) and tumor necrosis factor-α (PR=1.70; 95% CI, 1.05-2.77).
The pooled results using random effects model showed that statin use statistically significantly decreased CRP level (SMD= -0.97; 95% CI, -1.10, -0.85; P < 0.001; I<sup>2</sup>: 95.1%), TNF-α (SMD= -1.88; 95% CI, -2.40, -1.38; P < 0.001; I<sup>2</sup>: 97.2%), IL-6 (SMD= -1.67; 95% CI, -1.98, -1.34; P < 0.001; I<sup>2</sup>: 96.5%), and IL-1 concentrations (SMD= -8.35; 95% CI, -10.49, -6.22; P < 0.001; I<sup>2</sup>: 98.4%) among patients with MetS and related disorders.
To identify genetic variants in promoter areas of IL-6 -174 G>C and TNF-α -308 G>A in metabolic syndrome (Met S) and controls and associate them with Met S and serum cytokine levels.It was a cross-sectional study, including 224 cases of Met S and 200 controls.
A tendency to increase the inflammatory markers IL-6 (p = 0.069) and MCP-1 (p = 0.067) was observed in those patients suffering from MS. An increase in the cardiovascular risk markers PAI-1 (p = 0.007) and triglycerides/HDL cholesterol ratio (p < 0.0001) was also found in the MS group.
There was an association between the presence of the rs1800796polymorphism of the IL-6 gene, with BMI (P = 0.031), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P = 0.010) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P = 0.037), while this genetic variant did not show any significant association with the presence of MetS as defined by the IDF.
We previously found that blood C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and leptin levels were predictors of current metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia.
This was accompanied with predomination of IL-10 over pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in the sera as well as Gal-3 over TNF-α and IL-17 in feces of UC patients with MetS.