Sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) is a key protein in iodide transport by thyroid cells and this activity is a prerequisite for effective radioiodide treatment of thyroid cancer.
NIS is a target for radioiodide imaging and therapeutic ablation of thyroid carcinomas and has the potential for similar use in breast cancer treatment.
NIS-mediated iodide uptake in thyroid cells is the basis for targeted radionuclide imaging and treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinomas and their metastases.
Sodium/iodide symporter (NIS)-mediated iodide uptake plays an important physiological role in regulating thyroid gland function, as well as in diagnosing and treating Graves' disease and thyroid cancer.
NIS has been exploited for over 75 years in ablative radioiodine (RAI) treatment of thyroid cancer, where its ability to transport radioisotopes depends on its localization to the plasma membrane.
A mammalian NIS expression vector was constructed and used to generate six stable NIS-expressing cancer cell lines (three derived from thyroid carcinoma, two from colon carcinoma, one from glioblastoma).
Aberrant expression of the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) and the resistance to post-operative radioactive iodide treatment is a crucial cause of higher mortality of some thyroid cancer patients.
Additionally, analysis of publicly available datasets of thyroid carcinomas revealed that high LAT1 expression is associated with potentially untreatable PTC presenting reduced NIS/SLC5A5 transcription and with ATC.
Apart from these therapeutic and diagnostic perspectives the availability of the NIS gene will also open new opportunities to develop sensitive and homologous diagnostic test systems to identify factors involved in autoimmune thyroid disease, evolution of goitre, adenoma and thyroid cancer as well as NIS-directed new drugs.
Cloning of the NIS gene and the development of specific NIS antibodies have allowed the characterization of the pathogenic role of NIS in thyroid cancer, thyroid autoimmune diseases, congenital hypothyroidism and other, non-thyroidal human diseases.
Deficient CRE-like sequence binding protein(s) that bind to the hNUE in normal thyroid cells may be responsible for reduced NIS gene expression in some thyroid carcinomas.
Determination of the optimal time for radioiodine therapy in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma using the adenovirus-mediated transfer of sodium iodide symporter gene.
Elucidation of the regulation of human sodium-iodide symporter (hNIS) gene expression is critical to understanding its effects on iodide concentration abilities of thyroid and thyroid carcinomas.
Expression of the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) in the thyroid gland provides for effective imaging and treatment of thyroid cancer using radiolabeled iodide.
Expression of the Na+/I- symporter (NIS) gene was investigated by RT-PCR in a selected series of 26 primary thyroid carcinomas (19 papillary, 5 follicular, and 2 anaplastic).