We here describe the genetic background of this disorder: some of the most mutated genes that are responsible for the disease are (G4.5 (tafazzin gene): alpha-dystrobrevin gene (DTNA); FKBP-12 gene; lamin A/C gene; Cypher/ZASP (LIM, LDB3) gene); and some genotype-phenotype correlations (Becker muscular dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy or Barth syndrome) based on the literature review.