Bone cancer resulted in the activation of astrocytes and microglia in the SDH through the upregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, which was accompanied by an over-expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6.
In this study, we employ Raman spectroscopy to the identification and discrimination of osteosarcoma cells from osteo-differentiated mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) by detecting the presence of HA and IL-6.
Our data showed that primarily IGF-1, TGF beta 1 and IL-6 (up to 25 ng/ml for 48 h) increased PTHrP mRNA expression and modified its perinuclear localization, while zoledronic acid (up to 100 microM for 48 h) inhibited cell proliferation and suppressed PTHrP expression in the MG-63 osteosarcoma cells.
Finally, we isolated pure populations of EVs from serum and demonstrated that circulating levels of EV-associated TGFβ are increased in osteosarcoma patients.<b>Conclusions:</b> Collectively, our findings suggest that TEMSCs promote osteosarcoma progression and provide the basis for testing IL6- and TGFβ-blocking agents as new therapeutic options for osteosarcoma patients.<i></i>.