The presence of these mutations did not vary according to the degree of dysplasia (GNAS: invasive 61%, high-grade 59%, low-grade 53%; KRAS: invasive 71%, high-grade 62%, low-grade 74%), suggesting that mutations in these genes occur early in IPMN carcinogenesis.
We investigated the role of CDKN2A deletion in urothelial carcinogenesis, as a function of FGFR3 mutation status, a marker for one of the two pathways of bladder tumour progression, the Ta pathway.
On the basis of this background, we tested whether Curaxin-137 could suppress tumorigenesis in MMTV-neu transgenic mice, which spontaneously develop mammary carcinoma due to steroid receptor-regulated expression of the Her2 proto-oncogene.
Together with the tumor suppressive effect on HCC, miR-203 would be an ideal candidate for promoting liver regeneration in HCC patients undergoing liver resection without the risk of tumorigenesis or cancer recurrence.
During a research program carried on 113 cases of female breast cancer, immunohistochemically categorized in Her2-positive (29 cases), Her2-negative (57 cases) and triple negative (27 cases), aimed to evaluate the role of environmental particulate in carcinogenesis by elemental microanalysis, for the first time in literature we have detected a REM uptake, in detail europium (Eu), dysprosium (Dy) and praseodymium (Pr), inside the neoplastic cells belonging to a single triple negative breast cancer.
In addition, putative TSGs including FHIT, p16(INK4a), and p19(ARF) were selected for mutation screening to investigate their potential participation in NPC tumorigenesis.
The results suggest that HER2/neu plays a crucial role in CRC tumorigenicity with gene-amplification-independent transcriptional activations early in the carcinogenesis, and gene-amplification-dependent overexpression later in the advanced stages.
It has been implicated in mammary carcinogenesis through its regulation of HER-2/neu proto-oncogene and estrogen receptor gene The hAP-2gamma gene is located on human chromosome 20q13.2.
This review aims to rationalize the existing functions of Nrf2 in chemoprevention and tumorigenesis, as well as the somatic mutations of Nrf2 and Keap1 in cancer and Nrf2 cross talk with miRNAs.
In addition, loss of PTEN and oncogenic activation of RAS seem to occur in a reciprocal fashion, both of which could cooperate with CDKN2A loss in contribution to melanoma tumorigenesis.
Disruption of the Raf/MEK/ERK (MAPK) kinase pathway, either by RAS or BRAF mutation, was detected in approximately 62% of all CC and is therefore one of the most frequent defects in cholangiocellular carcinogenesis.
Taken together, our findings indicate that miR-193b-mediated deregulation of the KRAS axis is involved in pancreatic carcinogenesis, and suggest that miR-193b could be a potentially effective target for PDAC therapy.
These results suggest that carcinogenesis in the biliary tract epithelium in APBDU is accompanied by multistep genetic mutational events; K-ras gene mutation occurs early in epithelial hyperplasia or metaplasia, whereas inactivation of the DPC-4 gene accumulates late in the progression of biliary tract adenocarcinoma.
Our findings suggest that mutational activation of the K-ras gene is a common event in colon carcinogenesis and that HPV infection may represent an important factor in the development of the premalignant lesions leading to the neoplastic phenotype.