To evaluate the association between the methylation status in the promoter of estrogen receptor (ER) β,possibly a tumor suppressor gene specific for prostate cancer, and the risk in prostate cancer in a Chinese population, a case-control study that included 56 sporadic prostate cancer cases and 60 healthy controls was conducted.
Comprehensive assessment of the association between estrogen receptor of alpha polymorphisms and the risk of prostate cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis.
To estimate the prostate cancer risk conferred by individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), SNP-SNP interactions, and/or cumulative SNP effects, we evaluated the association between prostate cancer risk and the genetic variants of 12 key genes within the steroid hormone pathway (CYP17, HSD17B3, ESR1, SRD5A2, HSD3B1, HSD3B2, CYP19, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP3A4, CYP27B1, and CYP24A1).
Although primary human PCa-associated fibroblasts and the human WPMY-1-reactive prostate stromal cell line maintain this inherent estrogen receptor (ER)β-dependent motility inhibitor activity, they are subverted by TGF-β1 pro-oxidant signals derived from cocultured DU145 PCa cells.
Considering a combination marker panel of MCAM, ERα and ERβ increased the sensitivity to 75% and the specificity became 70% for the minimally invasive early detection test of PC.
In addition, ARs; estrogen receptors (ERs; ERα and ERβ); and estrogen-related receptors (ERRs; ERRα, ERRβ, and ERRγ) have been reported to be involved in the development or regulation of PC.
In this study, we investigated the association between common inherited variation of the AR, ESR1, and ESR2 genes and two clinically relevant traits: the risk of developing aggressive prostate cancer and the response to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in a hospital-based cohort.
Novel therapy agents, such as the anti-diabetic drug metformin or selective estrogen receptor modulator ormeloxifene were used in pre-clinical studies to inhibit EMT in prostate cancer.
<i>DPF1</i> rs12611084 was inversely associated with ER-negative breast, endometrioid ovarian, and overall and aggressive prostate cancer risk (OR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.91-0.96; q = 0.005).
This study was designed to explore the potential anti-carcinogenic effects resulting from re-expressing ERβ1 using 5-AZAC and/or TSA, followed by its stimulation with Diarylpropionitrile (DPN), a selective ERβ1 agonist, in prostate cancer cell line PC-3.
Both ER-alpha and ER-beta mRNAs were detected in all of the prostate cancer tissues examined, as well as in PC3 and LNCap cells, although the levels varied among specimens.
Instructive contrasts between these ERα mutations and those that arise in the androgen receptor (AR) during anti-androgen treatment of prostate cancer highlight differences in how activation functions in ERs and AR control receptor activity, how hormonal pressures (deprivation versus antagonism) drive the selection of phenotypically different mutants, how altered protein conformations can reduce antagonist potency and how altered ligand-receptor contacts can invert the response that a receptor has to an agonist ligand versus an antagonist ligand.
The role of estrogens in androgen independence has been suggested by the observation that both primary and metastatic PCa express the estrogen receptor (ER-beta), a recently discovered ER subtype.
The combination of the TTTA long repeats and the minor alleles of rs10046 in CYP19A1 and rs2077647 in ESR-alpha was a high risk for prostate cancer despite greater than or equal to 60 mg isoflavones/day.
Regarding the expression of both androgen and estrogen receptor-related genes in sporadic and hereditary PC, the immunohistochemistry findings show that the percentage of AR-positive cancer cells is higher in hereditary PC than in sporadic forms, whereas the mean number of estrogen-alpha-receptor-positive stromal cells is higher in sporadic PC rather than in that hereditary.
After cloning of the second estrogen receptor, estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) in 1996, increasing evidence of its importance in prostate cancer development has been obtained.
Our study demonstrates an association between the AG genotype, as well as presence of the G allele within the XbaI ESR1 SNP and prostate cancer risk among black men.
The data generated from our study provides a better understanding of the effect of COMT on critical signaling pathways involved in the development and progression of breast cancer (BC) and prostate cancer (PC) including ER-α, p21<sup>cip1</sup>, p27<sup>kip1</sup>, NF-κB (P65) and CYP19A1.
The result suggested that ESR1rs9340799 polymorphism was significantly associated with prostate cancer in overall populations (GG+GA vs. AA: P = 0.002; G vs. A: P = 0.004), Caucasians (GG+GA vs. AA: P = 0.008; G vs. A: P = 0.016) and Africans (GG+GA vs. AA: P = 0.005; G vs. A: P = 0.006), but not in Asians (GG+GA vs. AA: P = 0.462; G vs. A: P = 0.665).