Accordingly, AKT1 is mutated and AKT2 is amplified in some cases of breast cancer and AKT isoforms are associated with overall survival and therapy response in an isoform-specific manner.
The assays are able to quantify AKT1 and AKT2 from breast cancer and colon cancer cell lines and flash-frozen tumor lysates with a linear range of 0.05-2.0 fmol/μg of total lysate protein and with coefficients of variation < 15%.
Furthermore, we evaluated The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset for invasive breast carcinomas and found that increased AKT2 but not AKT1 mRNA levels correlated with a worse clinical outcome.
Furthermore, comparison of 50 breast carcinomas with adjacent normal tissues showed elevated PIK3CA messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in 18 % of tumor cases and elevated AKT2 mRNA levels in 14 %.
AKT2 was overexpressed in BC specimens, and its expression levels were much higher in ERα positive cancer tissues than those ERα negative cancer tissues.
Moreover, AKT2 is also exclusively required for the maintenance and survival of other PTEN-deficient solid tumors, including breast cancer and glioblastoma.
Akt2, ZEB2 and Snail were measured to clarify the underlying mechanisms of COX-2 on EMT; COX-2 may modulate EMT of breast cancer by regulating these factors.
Our data suggest that IGFBPs interfere with the E2-induced activation of the Akt/PKB-pathway and prevent full hormone-dependent activation of ERα and breast cancer cell growth in an IGF- and IGF-IR-independent manner.