Breast cancer (BCa) bone metastases (BMETs) drive osteolysis via a feed-forward loop involving tumoral secretion of osteolytic factors (e.g., PTHrP) induced by bone-matrix-derived growth factors (e.g., TGFβ).
Together, by controlling the expression of PTHrP and its downstream OPG/RANKL, TF-SB has significant inhibition effects on breast cancer bone metastasis, which indicates a new therapeutic method.
Prolactin stimulated PTHrP transcript and protein in breast cancer cell lines <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, effects mediated by Stat5 through the P2 gene promoter, producing transcript AT6 encoding the PTHrP 1-173 isoform.
We recently identified a unique peptide fragment of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), PTHrP(12-48), as a validated serum biomarker in breast cancer patients that correlates with and predicts the presence of bone metastases.
Immunohistochemistry was used to examine PTHrP and TGF-β protein expression in 497 cases of early breast cancer, and Kaplan-Meier method and COX's Proportional Hazard Model were applied to the prognostic value of PTHrP and TGF-β expression.
Integrated molecular analysis of both the EO771/EO771.LMB and 67NR/4T1.2 pairs indicated that upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), parathyroid hormone-like hormone (Pthlh) and S100 calcium binding protein A8 (S100a8) and downregulation of the thrombospondin receptor (Cd36) might be causally involved in metastatic dissemination of breast cancer.
DBP-MDA-MB-231-CM reduced osteoblasts to produce osteoprotegerin, an osteoclastogenesis inhibitor, while DBP mediated PTHrP up-regulation, increasing IL-8 secretion in MDA-MB-231 and contributing to breast cancer-mediated osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption.
The statistical analysis revealed that PTHRP- and KRT19-positive detections correlated with the diagnosis of breast cancer while the combined positive detections of PTHRP-plus-KRT19 correlated with the presence of distant metastasis, especially with bone metastasis.
Knocking down PTHrP expression significantly reduced the abilities of the breast cancer cells to inhibit osteoblast differentiation and bone formation in vitro and in vivo.
We replicated previously reported breast cancer susceptibility alleles in these BRCA2 mutation carriers and for several regions (including FGFR2, MAP3K1, CDKN2A/B, and PTHLH) identified SNPs that have stronger evidence of association than those previously published.
PTHrP plays a central role in humoral hypercalcemia, and its expression has been reported to be closely associated with bone metastasis of breast carcinoma.
Two of the loci lie in regions that contain strong plausible candidate genes: PTHLH (12p11) has a crucial role in mammary gland development and the establishment of bone metastasis in breast cancer, and NRIP1 (21q21) encodes an ER cofactor and has a role in the regulation of breast cancer cell growth.
Two of these seven SNPs are in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with SNPs associated with breast cancer (those near ESR1 and PTHLH), and a third (ZNF365) is near, but not in LD with, a breast cancer SNP.
Now, research into the basic biology of PTHrP has suggested previously unrecognized connections to a variety of disease states such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and breast cancer and has highlighted how PTHrP itself might be used in therapy for osteoporosis and diabetes.
Two of the loci lie in regions that contain strong plausible candidate genes: PTHLH (12p11) has a crucial role in mammary gland development and the establishment of bone metastasis in breast cancer, and NRIP1 (21q21) encodes an ER cofactor and has a role in the regulation of breast cancer cell growth.
Here, we demonstrate in mice pleiotropic involvement of PTHrP in key steps of breast cancer - it influences the initiation and progression of primary tumors and metastases.
Methylation of the PTHrP P2 is a potential marker of breast cancer progression and might be used to evaluate the metastatic potential of breast tumors.