A higher RDW was significantly associated with older age, a larger tumor diameter, deeper tumor infiltration, and lymph node metastasis while a lower PDW was significantly associated with male, older age, a larger tumor diameter, deeper tumor infiltration, elevated CEA and CA125.
A higher percentage of pMMR tumors with KRAS mutation were most likely to be female (49.0%), proximal located (45.5%), a mucinous histology (38.4%), and to have increased lymph node metastasis (60.3%), compared with pMMR tumors without BRAFV600E and KRAS mutations (36.0%, 29.3%, 29.4% and 50.7%, respectively; all P < 0.01).
<b>Objective:</b> The COMBI-AD trial demonstrated the efficacy and safety of dabrafenib and trametinib in combination vs placebo as adjuvant treatment of patients with BRAFV600E/K mutation-positive resected Stage IIIA (lymph node metastasis >1 mm), IIIB, or IIIC melanoma.
In the present work, a comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) study was performed using DNA from a primary tumor in a M918TRET mutation-positive SMTC patient and from its lymph node metastasis to investigate additional genetic alterations.
In addition, 15 (71%) of 21 patients with gene abnormalities (Ki-ras codon 12 point and/or p53 mutation) in the main tumor showed lymph node metastasis at surgery, whereas five (42%) of 12 without gene abnormalities did not demonstratelymph node metastasis.
Furthermore, when compared with the clinical parameters, the significant association was found between the promoter hypermethylation and lymph node metastasis ( p ≤ 0.001), tumor stage ( p = 0.039), tumor grade ( p = 0.028), estrogen receptor status ( p = 0.018), and progesterone receptor status ( p = 0.046).
In sst2+/- mice, PI3K was activated and signaled via AKT (PKB; protein kinase B); when these mice were crossed with KRAS(G12D) mice, premalignant lesions, tumors, and lymph node metastases developed more rapidly than in KRAS(G12D) mice.
However, liver (37.3% vs. 70.6%; P < 0.001) or distant lymph node metastases (6.7% vs. 19.1%; P = 0.025) were less frequent as the initial metastatic organ in patients with the KRAS mutation than in patients without the KRAS mutation.
The association between central lymph node metastasis (LNM) and risk factors, including the presence of the BRAF mutation, BRAF<sup>V600E</sup>, in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) requires further investigation.
Gao and collaborators (Tumour Biol, 2013) have investigated the role of mucin 4 (MUC4) in lung cancer and have concluded that a loss of MUC4 results in epithelial mesenchymal transition via beta-catenin nuclear translocation and that MUC4 expression is correlated with a risk of lymph node metastasis in a cohort of 20 lung adenocarcinoma patients.
<sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT identified 19 patients (sensitivity: 67.9%) in 28 patients with lymph node metastases, and 22 patients (specificity: 88.0%) in 25 patients without lymph node metastases, with an accuracy of 77.4%.
In oral SCC, the expression of p53R2 was significantly associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and histological differentiation (P=0.014, 0.046 and 0.022, respectively). p53R2 expression was significantly associated with p53 abnormality in epithelial dysplasia and SCC (P=0.034 and 0.009, respectively).
Multivariate analysis showed that both Notch1 mutation and lymph node metastasis are independent prognostic factors in the patient population (P = 0.001).
KRAS mutation rates increased significantly from primary tumors to lymph node metastases and distant metastases within the neuroendocrine negative CRC group (44%, 53%, 64%, respectively, P = 0.042).
BRAF(V600E) mutation-positive cancers (55.3%) were more frequently associated with lymph node metastasis (p=0.01) and advanced TNM stage (III-IV) (p=0.03).
The results suggest both primary and lymph-node metastases have relatively consistent EGFR mutations and EGFR mutations are not relevant to changes in c-Met GCN. c-Met GCN was increased significantly in EGFR TKI-naive patients with lymph node-metastatic tumors.