Immunohistochemical staining revealed that DKK-3 was positively linked to but β-catenin and c-MYC were negatively linked to differentiation, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage and lymph node metastasis of patients with NPC.
Fibulin-2 and β-catenin had a negative correlation (r=-0.361, P=0.003), but was closely correlated with the tumor size and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05).
Furthermore, we observed a significant correlation of β-Catenin overexpression with higher tumor stage pT3c (ρ = 0.230, p = 0.028) and initial lymph node metastases (ρ = 0.236, p = 0.025).
In human lung cancer specimens, while FBXW2 levels are inversely correlated with β-catenin levels and lymph-node metastasis, lower FBXW2 coupled with higher β-catenin, predict a worse patient survival.
E-cadherin/β-catenin co-expression was significantly associated with the majority of clinicopathological parameters assessed, including lymph node metastases, T stage and tumor cell differentiation (P=0.004, P=0.005, and P<0.001, respectively).
Cases with additional nuclear β-catenin staining showed strong association with high EGFR expression (15/16, 93.7%), the presence of capsule invasion (12/16, 81.25%) and regional LNM (9/16, 52.3%).
In the multivariate analysis, body mass index, nuclear β-catenin expression, and the absence of lymph node metastases showed a significant increase in DFS.
Restoring isoform expression pattern by up-regulated EphA10s and down-regulated cytoplasmic EphA10 inhibits cell invasion and lymph node metastasis by strengthening the stability of the complex of E-cadherin and β-catenin in membrane.
Enhanced expression of N-cadherin and β-catenin protein was strongly correlated with the status of lymph node metastasis and clinical stages in patients with NPC.
To clarify the role of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) and β-catenin in carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC), our results showed that high HDGF expression was found in CRC cells and tissues and significantly related to histological differentiation (p = 0.035) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.000).
The results showed that the membrane weighted index of β-catenin was inversely correlated with p16 positivity (P < .001) and lymph node metastasis (P = .026), whereas nuclear staining of β-catenin was associated with p16-positive OPSCC (P < .001).
ALDH1A1(high) expression or β-catenin(c) expression alone was associated with lymph node metastasis, and worse clinical outcome in breast cancer patients, especially in patients receiving cyclophosphamide treatment.
In multivariate analysis, lymph node metastasis (p=0.046) and high expression of nuclear β-catenin (p=0.04) were independent prognostic factors for survival.
Notably, the higher expression levels of β-catenin and MMP-16 were correlated with tumor invasion and distant organ and lymph node metastases in intestinal type gastric cancer.
Gao and collaborators (Tumour Biol, 2013) have investigated the role of mucin 4 (MUC4) in lung cancer and have concluded that a loss of MUC4 results in epithelial mesenchymal transition via beta-catenin nuclear translocation and that MUC4 expression is correlated with a risk of lymph node metastasis in a cohort of 20 lung adenocarcinoma patients.
Subsequent immunohistochemistry results further confirmed that β-catenin promoter hypermethylation correlated with loss of immunoreactive protein expression, positive lymph node metastasis, high TNM stage and poor prognosis.
The abnormal expression of β-catenin and the overexpression of cyclin D1 were correlated, and the overexpression of c-myc was correlated with tumor size, histological grade, clinical TNM stage and lymph node metastasis.
Clinical Significance was observed for β-catenin expression and lymph node metastasis; Kaplan-Meier curves suggested that clinical prognosis is poor for patients expressing CXCR4.
This study highlights regulation of β-catenin by IGFBP2 in breast cancer cells and most importantly, combined expression of IGFBP2 and β-catenin is associated with lymph node metastasis of breast tumors.