Our data suggest that the ACE gene polymorphisms may be associated with increased susceptibility to OPL and oral cancer and lymph node metastasis from oral cancer.
ACE and AT2R were significantly upregulated in tumors and metastases, and expressed in the lymph node metastases of 26 (58%) and 40 (89%) gastric cancer patients, respectively.
When the ACE genotype was included, the relative risk of having lymph node metastases increased considerably in AT1R+ tumors being heterozygous or homozygous for the ACE D allele (odds ratio, 19.00; 95% confidence interval, 1.45-248.24).
In breast cancer patients, no significant association was observed between the ACE genotypes and poor prognostic factors, such as negative hormone receptor status, histological grade, lymph node involvement, higher number of lymph node metastases, and c-erb B2 overexpression, except that tumor size greater than 2 cm is associated with DD genotype (p = 0.02).
Studies of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) I/D polymorphism have provided evidence that the D/D genotype is associated with gastric tumor progression and numbers of lymph node metastases, but not with the overall risk of gastric cancer.
CD10, CD13, and CD143 were significantly up-regulated in GCs and the lymph node metastases, confirming that they are important for the tumor cell biology.