In addition, the expression of MUC1 in salivary gland AciCC was correlated with gender, age, histological type, lesion location, cervical lymph node metastasis, local recurrence, and distant metastasis.
In addition, high MUC1 expression was associated with higher TNM stage (RR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.17-1.77, P = .0007), greater depth of invasion (RR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.10-1.53, P = .002), and lymph node metastasis (RR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.20-1.80, P = .0002) of CRC.
In this review, we summarize what is known about nine factors significantly associated with LNM in ESCC patients: phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), mucin 1, vascular endothelial growth factor-C, tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8), Raf-1 kinase inhibitory protein, stathmin (STMN1), metastasis-associated protein 1, caveolin-1, and interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3.
More importantly, co-expression of MUC1 Oglycosylation and C1GALT1 presented positive correlations with both lymph node metastasis and survival time of ESCC patients.
High MUC1 expression was revealed to have a significant relationship to the presence of pathologically lymphatic and vascular invasion, and regional lymph node metastasis.
Based on multivariate analysis, localization of MUC1 and sLeX on the stroma-facing side of the membrane was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis.
Furthermore, one of the genes, MUC-1, was demonstrated to have expression in plasma cells from the lymph nodes of patients with lymph node metastasis or micrometastasis.
High MUC1 expression in lymph node metastases predicted unfavorable outcomes compared with low MUC1 expression (bRFS P=0.023, DSS and OS P⩽0.001), whereas in primary tumors, the same tendency was non-significant.
The co-expression of CCR7 and MUC1 was detected in 153 ESCC samples by IHC, and both were correlated with lymph node metastasis, regional lymphatic recurrence and poor prognosis.
Results showed that MUC1 expression level was higher in MEC tissues than in paired normal tissues (P = 0.001), and the expression level of MUC1 was significantly associated with gender (P = 0.02), location (P = 0.001), grade (P = 0.001), stage (P = 0.0018) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001).
Multivariate analysis showed a strong association of MUC1 expression with the presence of the BRAF(V600E) mutation and lymph node metastasis (p<0.0001).
Among 40 ESCC and 20 paired normal tissue specimens examined, we found a significant increase of MUC1 expression in ESCC and more importantly, that expression of MUC1 and MMP13 are strongly correlated in patients who had lymph node metastasis.
MUC1 was strongly expressed in normal gastric epithelium; however, the expression rate decreased with the loss of tumor differentiation (92.6% in well differentiated tumors, 83.7% in poorly differentiated tumors), with an increase in the number of metastatic lymph nodes (98.4% in tumors with no metastatic lymph nodes, 67.9% in tumors with lymph node metastasis-pN3), and with the progression in the tumor stage (100% in stage 1 tumors, 75.6% in stage 4 tumors).
On univariate analysis, tumor size of 5 mm or more, extrathyroidal extension, multifocality, sclerosis and the expression of S100A4 and cyclin D1 predicted lymph node metastasis, whereas patient age, expression of p27 and MUC1 and the BRAF V600E mutation did not.
In MLH1-negative CRC, MUC2 loss was associated with the presence of lymph node metastasis (p=0.028) and worse survival (p=0.015), but there was no association between MUC1 expression and clinicopathological features.
Our results indicate that the over-expression of MUC1 was detected in 58% of primary CaP tissues and 90% of lymph node metastases but not in normal prostate or benign tissues, while the expression of MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC and MUC6 was found to be negative in both normal and cancer tissues.
However, samples with one MUC1-positive band more often had lymphatic vessel invasion and lymph node metastasis than those with more than two or three MUC1-positive bands (p<0.014 and p<0.043, respectively).
MUC1 is normally restricted to the apical surface of epithelia and loss of this polarized distribution in breast carcinomas is associated with lymph node metastasis.
The presence of MUC-1 was associated with increased tumour size and showed a positive correlation with axillary lymph node metastases and incomplete resection of the tumour.
Lymph node dissection was performed in only 20 patients, but significant correlation was demonstrated between MUC1 expression and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0227).
Significant positive correlations were found between MUC1 mucin membranous immunoreactivity and disease progression from epithelial dysplasia to OSCC (P < 0.01), mode of tumor invasion (P < 0.02), and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01).
Murine mAb 115D8 directed against episialin (MUC1/MAM6, epithelial membrane Ag) was used in combination with goat anti-mouse-coated magnetic microbeads to purify human T47D breast carcinoma cells (115D8+, MDR1-) from different mixtures with COLO320 human colon carcinoma cells (115D8-, MDR1+) and to purify carcinoma cells from FNA taken from axillary lymph node metastases in breast cancer patients.