<b>Background:</b> Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most prevalent histologic subtype of kidney cancers in adults, which could be divided into two distinct subgroups according to the <i>BRCA1 associated protein-1</i> (<i>BAP1</i>) mutation status.
Kidney cancer is essentially a metabolic disease; each of the known genes for kidney cancer, VHL, MET, FLCN, TSC1, TSC2, TFE3, TFEB, MITF, fumarate hydratase (FH), succinate dehydrogenase B (SDHB), succinate dehydrogenase D (SDHD), and PTEN genes is involved in the cells ability to sense oxygen, iron, nutrients or energy.
Renal cancer is resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy but increased understanding of the underlying tumour biology is leading to the use and development of targeted therapies, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting pathways downstream of the von Hippel Lindau tumour suppressor gene.
Kidney cancer tissue from patients with diabetes showed a higher activity of Akt and decreased in total protein of tuberin compared to kidney cancer patient without diabetes or diabetes alone.