This review summarizes current studies investigating FH and Lp(a)-HLP as independent and combined cardiovascular risk factors, and some promising biomarker candidates for these entities.
In the course of investigating familial coronary artery disease in Utah, we identified a three-generation family in which multiple members were affected with type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP IIa), type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP IIb), or type IV hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP IV).