Direct sequencing of exons 16 and 17 of the beta-amyloid precursor protein gene in 14 families with familial early onset Alzheimer's disease without the known pathogenic mutation (APP717) failed to reveal other mutations within the beta-amyloid sequence in this form of the disorder.
The three proteins identified to have mutations in their corresponding genes leading to presenile Alzheimer dementia (AD)-the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 and 2-all interact with other proteins.
These include the possibilities that mice are incapable of developing AD for reasons dependent on their APP sequence; and that appropriate regulation of APP gene is required for pathology to develop.
Mutations in presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2), and amyloid precursor protein (APP) are major genetic causes of early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD).
Mutations in the PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP genes seem to be rare in this population, as these genes exhibited no pathogenic mutations in our cohort of eoAD and FTLD patients even though about 40% of the cases were familial ones.
The beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene (on chromosome 21), Presenilin 1 (PS1) gene (on chromosome 14) and Presenilin 2 (PS2) gene (on chromosome 1) are responsible for autosomal dominant early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD).
Autosomal dominant early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) is genetically heterogeneous and has been associated with mutations in 3 different genes, coding for amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PSEN1), and presenilin 2 (PSEN2).
These data suggest that mutations in APP are a rare cause of familial early onset AD (3/21 families tested) and that within APP most, possibly all, mutations which cause AD are in exon 17.
To identify potential intracellular compartments involved in Abeta production, we expressed human APP-695 (APPwt) and APP-695 harboring the Swedish double mutation (APPswe) associated with familial early-onset Alzheimer's disease, in mouse N2a cells.
The results of this study suggest that education and female gender, not APOE genotype, may be important as independent strong predictive factors for disease progression in patients with EOAD.
Behavioral sensitivity of the circular platform task was then shown through its ability to discern cognitive impairment in 7-month-old transgenic mice, carrying the mutant APP(SW) gene for early-onset Alzheimer's disease in humans, from non-transgenic litter-mates.
In some families with early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenic mutations have been found in exons 16 and 17 of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene.
We have identified a double mutation at codons 670 and 671 (APP 770 transcript) in exon 16 which co-segregates with the disease in two large (probably related) early-onset Alzheimer's disease families from Sweden.