We also found that downstream pre-synaptic dopamine D1 Receptor binding correlated with dopamine loss in Lewy body disease groups, and RNA damage and β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 in the caudate of AD.
We identified 5 CNV regions with a significant genome-wide association to DLB; 2 of these were only present in cases and absent from publicly available databases: one of the regions overlapped LAPTM4B, a known lysosomal protein, whereas the other overlapped the NME1 locus and SPAG9.
Results uncovered two miRNAs (hsa-miR-451a and hsa-miR-21-5p) significantly down-regulated in AD samples respect to DLB patients, and a set of four miRNAs (hsa-miR-23a-3p, hsa-miR-126-3p, hsa-let-7i-5p, and hsa-miR-151a-3p) significantly decreased in AD respect to controls.
Enzymatic activities of GCase, β-hexosaminidase, and cathepsin D were measured in the frontal cortex, putamen, and substantia nigra (SN) of a cohort of patients with advanced PD and DLB as well as age-matched non-demented controls (n = 15/group) using fluorometric assays.
In total, 43 patients affected by Parkinson's disease (PD 21 patients), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB 1), rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (RBD 11), multiple system atrophy (MSA-P 4) and small fibre neuropathy (SFN 6) were enrolled.
We present a case of a patient with a pathogenic variant in the CSF1R gene with clinical and imaging features suggestive of Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB).
Our data indicate that the level of HSP90, SGT1 and CHP-1 is upregulated in the majority of cases of PD and DLB, which suggests that the examined proteins might be involved in these pathologies.
Unlike the previous Lewy body dementia study, the present investigation reports reduced cortical protein, but increased transcript levels of GPR78 in PD.
DLB also showed a more severe FoG (FoG ≥2) than PD (21% vs. 0% at T0 and 52.6% vs. 10.5% at T5), consistently with previous studies reporting FoG prevalence in DLB.
New promising biomarkers are emerging: GCase activity (reduced in PD and DLB patients vs. controls), CSF/serum albumin ratio (increased in PD and DLB), fatty-acid-binding protein (increased in AD and DLB vs. PD), visinin-like protein-1 (increased in AD vs. DLB) and monoamines (useful in differential diagnosis among PD and DLB).
The mRNA level of SGT1 is higher in the frontal and temporal cortex of PD and in substantia nigra of DLB brains while no significant changes in the level of protein were noticed.
Furthermore, TSPO may not only be a microglia activation marker in early stage AD and DLB, but TSPO may also be used to monitor microglia dysfunction in the late stage of these diseases.
Of 141 cases with LP (24: PD, 8: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), 109: Incidental Lewy body disease (ILBD)), our application of Braak et al., 2003 classified 83.7%, Müller et al., 2005 classified 87.9%, Beach et al., 2009 classified 100%, and Leverenz et al., 2008 classified 98.6%.
Galanin immunohistochemistry was carried out in the anterior nucleus basalis of Meynert of 27 Parkinson's disease (PD) cases without cognitive impairment (mild cognitive impairment [MCI]), 15 with PD with MCI, 42 with Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), 12 with Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), 19 with AD, 12 mixed AD/DLB and 16 controls.
We aimed to study degeneration of terminals with dopamine and serotonin transporter (DAT and SERT, respectively) in patients with early-stage PD and DLB relative to healthy controls, using <sup>123</sup>I-N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane (<sup>123</sup>I-FP-CIT) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).
The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between CLU concentration and the late-life cognitive outcomes including mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VAD), Parkinson's disease related dementia (PDD), Lewy body dementia (DLB) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD).
Moreover, we observed a reduction in eEF1A1 immunoreactivity in the cingulate gyrus neuropil of patients with Lewy body disease along with a reduction in PSD95 levels.