Mutation analysis of nine genes located in 3p21.1-p14.3, including CACNA2D3, which is directly disrupted by one breakpoint of the t(3;17), identified no pathogenic mutation in eight sporadic patients with ZLS.
These data suggest that the gene responsible for ZLS is located in 3p14.3 and implicates four likely candidate genes in this region: CACNA2D3, encoding a voltage-dependent calcium channel, LRTM1, a gene of unknown function embedded within CACNA2D3, WNT5A, encoding a secreted signaling protein of the WNT family, and ERC2, which codes for a synapse protein.