The tight clustering of GPC3 and GPC4, with deletions that occasionally affect both genes, may be relevant for explaining the variability of the SGBS phenotype.
Specifically, mutations in both the murine GPC3 gene and the Drosophila glypican, dally, have been found to modify cellular responses to bone morphogenetic proteins, providing important clues to the molecular basis of SGBS in humans.
Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) is an X-linked multiple congenital anomalies and overgrowth syndrome caused by a defect in the glypican-3 gene (GPC3).
PCR analysis using primer pairs which amplify fragments from each of the eight exons of the GPC3 gene was carried out in a series of 18 families with SGBS (approximately half of reported cases).
However, there is still no biochemical evidence indicating that GPC3 plays such a role.Here, we report that GPC3-deficient mice exhibit several of the clinical features observed in SGBS patients, including developmental overgrowth, perinatal death, cystic and dyplastic kidneys, and abnormal lung development.
The Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) (OMIM 312870) is an overgrowth/multiple congenital anomalies syndrome caused by a semi-dominant X-linked gene encoding glypican 3 (GPC3).
Nonisolated CDH in a male fetus suggests a diagnosis of SGBS type I. Fetal autopsy, pedigree analysis, and genetic testing for GPC3 are all essential to confirming the diagnosis.
The lack of correlation between the phenotype of 18 affected males from these 7 families and the location and size of the GPC3 gene mutations suggest that SGBS is caused by a nonfunctional GPC3 protein.
Glypican-3 (GPC3) encodes a cell-surface heparan-sulfate proteoglycan mutated in type 1 Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS1), an X-linked overgrowth syndrome.
We reviewed the clinical findings of all published patients with SGBS1 with GPC3 mutations to confirm the clinical specificity for the SGBS1 phenotype.
The involvement of glypicans in developmental morphogenesis and growth regulation has been highlighted by Drosophila mutants and by a human overgrowth syndrome with multiple malformations caused by glypican 3 mutations (Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome).
The Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome type 1 (SGBS1, OMIM #312870) is an X-linked overgrowth condition comprising abnormal facial appearance, supernumerary nipples, congenital heart defects, polydactyly, fingernail hypoplasia, increased risk of neonatal death and of neoplasia.
We report on four fetuses from two unrelated families, in whom the application of whole exome sequencing and array-CGH allowed the identification of GPC3 alterations causing SGBS.
We identified three siblings with typical SGBS (two male and one female cases) and their mother with very mild symptoms in a family carrying c.256C>T (p.Arg86X) mutation in GPC3.
It has recently been shown that the OCI-5/GPC3 gene is mutated in patients with the Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome (SGBS), an X-linked disorder characterized by pre- and postnatal overgrowth and various visceral and skeletal dysmorphisms.
Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome type 1 (SGBS1) -OMIM 312870- is a rare X-linked inherited overgrowth syndrome caused by a loss of function mutation in the GPC3 gene.