However, miR-122-5p, -192-5p, -34a-5p and -22-3p demonstrated a much more significant induction in patients with hepatocellular DILI, thus revealing better specificity for hepatocellular damage.
Conclusion: GLDH appears to be more useful than miR-122 in identifying DILI patients, and K18, OPN, and MCSFR are promising candidates for prediction of prognosis during an acute DILI event.
Certain serum biomarkers, like miR-122, may have clinical utility in early-presenting patients with either intrinsic or idiosyncratic DILI in the future, while others likely will not find use.
Sensitivity of miR-122 in diagnosing DILI was [0.85 (95% CI, 0.75-0.91), I = 53.46%] and specificity was [0.93 (95% CI, 0.86-0.97), I = 65.10%], the area under ROC curve was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.93-0.97).
Furthermore, the proposed biosensor exhibited excellent specificity and recovery in spiked serum samples, and was successfully used for detecting miR-122 in real biological samples, which provided a rapid and efficient method for detecting drug-induced liver injury at an early stage.
Areas covered: This review highlights the shortcomings of the currently used panel of biomarkers and how miRNAs, primarily miR-122, show an improved level of specificity and sensitivity in the prediction of DILI.
We were also able to demonstrate that, although miR-122 is present in greater quantities in exosome-free form, both exosome-bound and non-vesicle bound miR-122 are released in a similar profile throughout the course of DILI.
Recently, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) such as miR-122 and miR-192 have emerged as promising biomarkers of liver injury in preclinical species and in DILI patients.
MiR-122 as a biomarker also has the potential to bridge results in in vitro experiments to in vivo animal models and human samples using the same assay, and to link findings from clinical studies in determining the relevance of in vitro models being developed for the study of drug-induced liver injury.
MiR-122 as a biomarker also has the potential to bridge results in in vitro experiments to in vivo animal models and human samples using the same assay, and to link findings from clinical studies in determining the relevance of in vitro models being developed for the study of drug-induced liver injury.
Studies of new serum biomarkers such as glutamate dehydrogenase, high mobility group box protein 1, and microRNA-122 could provide information for use in diagnosis and prognosis and provide important insights into the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of DILI.