Ovarian cancer is a major gynaecological cancer with different subtypes and studies have suggested that estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR) positivity are associated with better clinical outcomes.
Estrogen receptor (ER) positivity and progesterone receptor (PR) positivity were significant protective factors against subsequent BC and ovarian cancer.
A SNP 19 kb downstream of ESR1 (rs2295190, G-to-T change) was associated with invasive ovarian cancer risk, with a per-T-allele odds ratio (OR) of 1.24 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.44, P = 0.006]. rs2295190 is a nonsynonymous coding SNP in a neighboring gene called spectrin repeat containing, nuclear envelope 1 (SYNE1), which is involved in nuclear organization and structural integrity, function of the Golgi apparatus, and cytokinesis.
Accordingly, immunohistochemical analysis of ERα-negative tissue specimens from HGSOC patients showed a significantly greater TAM infiltration in premenopausal compared to postmenopausal women.
Additionally, we found elevated binding of the estrogen receptor (ER) in H-ras ER element in all pairs of ovarian tumor/normal tissue tested, whereas in ER-negative control breast tumor/normal tissue pairs, no differences in ER DNA-binding levels were observed.
All these data are consistent with E2 increasing production of TGFalpha in ER-positive ovarian cancer and this in turn acting through the EGF receptor to modulate growth in an autocrine manner.
Conversely, estrogen receptor signaling downregulates miR-486-5p and upregulates OLFM4 expression, slowing the development and progression of ovarian cancer.
Conversely, estrogen did not influence expression of BRCA1 in HBL-100 cells that lacked the estrogen receptor, although the constitutive levels of BRCA1 mRNA (but not protein) in these cells were 5- to 30-fold higher than in other breast and ovarian cancer cells.
Despite estrogen receptor (ER) expression in 67% of OVCAs, small anti-estrogen therapy trials have been disappointing and the benefit of hormonal therapy has not been systematically studied in large well-designed trials.
Expression of ER (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.18, 95% confidence interval 0.08-0.42, <i>p</i> = 0.0002) and of PR (HR = 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.10-0.53, <i>p</i> = 0.0011) were significantly associated with longer ovarian cancer specific survival adjusted for age, grade, treatment center, stage, and residual disease.
However, association analyses of two polymorphisms suggest that the ER-alpha gene or a gene located close to the ER-alpha locus might be related to susceptibility of familial ovarian cancer without BRCA1 mutation.
In addition, intracellular hK4 levels, as detected on Western blot analysis, were induced by 100 nM estrogen treatment of the estrogen receptor positive ovarian carcinoma cell line OVCAR-3, >8-24 h. Our results show that the level of KLK4 expression and expression of KLK4 mRNA variants are associated with progression of ovarian cancer, particularly late stage SER adenocarcinomas.
In the present study, estrogen receptor α (ERα)-negative/GPER-positive OVCAR5 ovarian cancer cell line was used to investigate the role of GPER in the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer.