This was associated with increased neutrophilic airway inflammation, vascular permeability, myeloperoxidase activity in the lung with upregulated expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX2)/MCP-1/TNF-α in neutrophils and IL-17A in γδ T cells/lung.
The increased frequency of peripheral Th17 cells and serum IL-17 levels are shown in childhood HSP that may in part contribute to vascular inflammation, suggesting cellular immunity is likely to be involved in the process of HSP.