The results showed that: 1) in one case of squamous cell carcinoma with invasion, the number of chromosomal abnormalities was much greater in the invasive than in non-invasive parts, with marked topographical heterogeneities; 2) the DNA-ploidies were largely shifted to the higher side with aneuploid stem-lines and polyploid cells in the invasive parts of all malignant tumors; 3) the expression of HLA-DR was induced at the invasive fronts of malignant melanomas; 4) the GS-I specific sugar residue(D-galactose) appeared in all extra-mammary Paget's cells; and 5) expression of "oncogenes" was found in about 60% of all malignant tumors examined.
The results showed that: 1) in one case of squamous cell carcinoma with invasion, the number of chromosomal abnormalities was much greater in the invasive than in non-invasive parts, with marked topographical heterogeneities; 2) the DNA-ploidies were largely shifted to the higher side with aneuploid stem-lines and polyploid cells in the invasive parts of all malignant tumors; 3) the expression of HLA-DR was induced at the invasive fronts of malignant melanomas; 4) the GS-I specific sugar residue(D-galactose) appeared in all extra-mammary Paget's cells; and 5) expression of "oncogenes" was found in about 60% of all malignant tumors examined.
The cellular urokinase-type plasminogen-activator (uPA) receptor (uPAR) is a glycolipid-anchored membrane protein thought to be involved in pericellular proteolysis during cell migration and tumor invasion.
Therefore, expression of stromelysin 3 in stromal cells may be expected to play a significant role in destruction of the basal membrane zone and extracellular matrix in basal cell carcinoma invasion.
The gram-negative bacterium Haemophilus influenzae expresses morphologically and functionally distinct types of fimbriae, of which the LKP fimbriae mediate hemagglutination and adherence to human epithelial cells but hamper mucosal invasion.
Since tetranectin binds to plasminogen we hypothesize that it could function as an anchor and/or reservoir for plasminogen and similar substances that regulate tumor invasion and metastasis as well as tumor angiogenesis.
Since tetranectin binds to plasminogen we hypothesize that it could function as an anchor and/or reservoir for plasminogen and similar substances that regulate tumor invasion and metastasis as well as tumor angiogenesis.
Therefore, the authors suggest that the c-ets1 proteins might regulate the transcription of the genes coding for matrix-degrading proteases, which are necessary for both angiogenesis and tumor invasion.
Furthermore, pretreatment of the cells with vitronectin or addition of vitronectin to the basement membrane matrix also resulted in stimulation of invasion.
Therefore, p53 mutation may precede invasion in esophageal carcinogenesis, and multifocal esophageal neoplasms may arise from independent clones of transformed cells.
TIMP-2 produced by tumor cells can also be considered as an onco-suppressor gene product, because it could play an important role in regulating the metalloproteinases involved in tumor invasion and angiogenesis.
Molecular genetic analysis showed that bcl-2 was rearranged in only 2 of 77 patients: one was affected by hairy cell leukemia and one by diffuse small cleaved cell lymphoma with peripheral blood invasion.