Analysis implied that APOE ε4 might affect CSF YKL-40 levels in MCI subjects, suggesting a crucial role of APOE ε4 in neuroinflammation in detecting individuals who might convert to AD from MCI and, thus, as an effective predictive factor.
To examine the relationship of current engagement in lifestyle activities to previous cognitive performance among individuals who were cognitively normal at baseline, and whether this relationship differed for individuals who subsequently developed mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or by APOE-4 genotype, age, and level of cognitive reserve.
Further, female APOE ε4 carriers showed a greater longitudinal reduction of HpVR than their male counterparts in the NC group, but not in the MCI or AD group.
In addition, APOE methylation levels were significantly different between the MCI group and the control group (P = .021), especially in men (P = .006).
We included 115 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative across the non-demented AD spectrum- defined as those who had at least one AD risk marker at baseline (e.g., mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD diagnosis, amyloid or ApoE4 positivity) and/or 'cognitively normal individuals who converted to MCI due to AD or AD, with structural and diffusion tensor imaging scans at baseline and two years follow-up.
The combined model (Harrell's C = 0.82 [0.78-0.86]) was significantly superior to demographics (β = 0.100, <i>P</i> < .001), magnetic resonance imaging (β = 0.037, <i>P</i> = .011), and PET only models (β = 0.053, <i>P</i> = .003).The models can be used to calculate individualized risk, for example, a female MCI patient (age = 60, APOE ε4 positive, Mini-Mental State Examination = 25, hippocampal volume = 5.8 cm<sup>3</sup>, amyloid PET positive) has 35% (19-57) risk in one year and 85% (64-97) risk in three years.
Possible joint effects of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and apolipoprotein E (<i>APOE</i>) ε4 genotype on incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were examined for men and women separately.
However, education-adjusted classification resulted in a lower prevalence of dementia and MCI and in a higher proportion of APOE ε4 allele carriers among those identified as having MCI.
As the levels of the BNP appear to be independent of the APOE4 genotype in subjects with mild cognitive impairment, the results of our study support inclusion of measurements of plasma levels of the BNP in the list of the core Alzheimer's disease biomarkers for identification of the mild cognitive impairment group of patients.
We confirmed that rs3846662 is associated with reduced risk for AD without gender differences; however, we failed to detect association between rs3846662 and delayed mild cognitive impairment conversion to AD for either of the APOE e4 allelic groups.
Hippocampal volume loss (HVL), PET-documented brain amyloid accumulation, and APOE-ε4 status are predictive biomarkers of the transition from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease (AD).
Here we assessed the distribution of monomers, homodimers and heterodimers in plasma from control subjects and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD with either a homozygous APOEɛ3 (n = 31 control subjects, and n = 14 MCI versus n = 5 AD patients) or APOEɛ4 genotype (n = 1 control subject, n = 21 MCI and n = 7 AD patients).
Age, sex, and education were significantly associated with trajectory membership for both diagnostic groups, while APOE ɛ4 was only significantly associated with trajectories among MCI participants.
We examined the association between A, V, and N biomarker positivity at study baseline and endpoint, with progression to MCI using linear regression, Cox proportional hazards and Kaplan-Meier analyses adjusted for age and APOE-ε4 carrier status.
The multivariable analysis (including CSF t-tau) showed that MCI stage (late MCI vs. early MCI; OR 15.88, 95% CI 4.59, 54.88), APOE4 (OR 5.65, 95% CI 1.52, 20.98), corrected HV*1000 (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.09, 0.57), FDG SUVR*10 (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.27, 0.71), and log<sub>e</sub> CSF t-tau (OR 6.20, 95% CI 1.48, 25.96) were associated with being fast decliners.
Whilst ApoE4 genotype (AUC = 0.737) and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) 13 (AUC = 0.724) independently discriminated amyloid-PET(+) and amyloid-PET(-) MCI individuals, the combination of clinical markers (ApoE4 carrier, age >60 years and ADAS-Cog 13 > 13.5) improved the predictive accuracy of amyloid-PET status (AUC = 0.827, P < 0.001).
Among individuals with normal cognition (NC; n = 415), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 870), and AD (n = 334), we investigated the longitudinal associations of APOE4 genotype and sex with cognitive decline over 13 years.