This report describes a newborn girl presenting with some of the common features of DiGeorge syndrome/velocardiofacial syndrome (DGS/VCFS), including hypocalcemia, atrial septal defect, and aortic stenosis.
DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome (DGS/VCFS) is a disorder caused by a 22q11.2 deletion mediated by non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR) between low-copy repeats (LCRs).
The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS; velocardiofacial/DiGeorge syndrome; VCFS/DGS) is the most common microdeletion syndrome and the phenotypic presentation is highly variable.
DiGeorge syndrome, or velocardiofacial syndrome (DGS/VCFS), is a rare and usually sporadic congenital genetic disorder resulting from a constitutional microdeletion at chromosome 22q11.2.
Chromosomal region 22q11 is well known for its susceptibility to genomic rearrangements, and these are associated with various syndromes including the velo-cardio-facial/DiGeorge syndrome (VCFS/DGS), the der(22) syndrome, and the cat-eye syndrome.
These include the 3-Mb region commonly deleted in DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome (DGS/VCFS), the cat eye syndrome (CES) region, and more distal regions in 22q11 that have recently been shown to be deleted.
Deletions of proximal 22q11.2 comprise the most frequently occurring microdeletion syndrome, DiGeorge/Velocardiofacial syndrome (DGS/VCFS), in which most breakpoints have been localized to a 3 Mb region containing four large LCRs.
The low-copy repeat (LCR) is a new class of repetitive DNA element and has been implicated in many human disorders, including DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome (DGS/VCFS).
FISH studies using 4 locus-specific DNA probes in the 22q11.2 region (N25 probe to detect the D22S75 locus within the velocardiofacial syndrome/DiGeorge syndrome (VCFS/DGS) critical region, a clone to detect the Bid locus just distal to the cat eye syndrome (CES) critical region and two clones 77H2 and 109L3 to detect the proximal end of the CES critical region, (CECR2 and CECR7), did not reveal any hybridization signal with the marker chromosome.
Cytogenetic and FISH analysis was performed in 139 patients to detect the pathognomonic of Di George/ Velocardiofacial syndrome (DGS/VFCS) deletion 22q11.2.
Schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders are quite common features in patients with DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome (DGS/VCFS) as a result of hemizygosity of chromosome 22q11.2.
22q11 deletion syndrome (22qDS), also known as DiGeorge or velocardiofacial syndrome (DGS/VCFS), is a relatively common genetic anomaly that results in malformations of the heart, face and limbs.
To demonstrate the efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity of PRINS in the diagnosis of microdeletions, we studied groups of patients with Prader Willi/Angelman (PWS/AS) syndrome and DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome (DGS/VCFS).
This study also suggested that systematic approaches with several small DNA probes along the DGCR could help to dissect the complex phenotypes associated with the DiGeorge syndrome, such as cardiac defects, abnormal faces, thymic hypoplasia, cleft palate, and hypocalcemia, etc.
Here we demonstrate that mice deficient for one type of endothelin receptor, ETA, mimic the human conditions collectively termed CATCH 22 or velocardiofacial syndrome, which include severe craniofacial deformities and defects in the cardiovascular outflow tract.
The smallest region of deletion overlap in the patients we have studied defines a DIGeorge syndrome/velocardiofacial syndrome (DGS/VCFS) minimal critical region (MDGCR) of approximately 250 kb within 22q11.
Deletions within 22q11 have been associated with a wide variety of birth defects embraced by the acronym CATCH22 and including the DiGeorge syndrome, Shprintzen syndrome (velocardiofacial syndrome) and congenital heart disease.