Examples include the RB1 gene for retinoblastoma; the WT1 gene for Wilms' tumor; germline p53 mutations in families with the Li-Fraumeni syndrome; the NF1 and NF2 genes for neuroblastomatosis, types 1 and 2; the VHL gene for renal cancer and other tumors associated with Von Hippel-Lindau disease; the APC gene for adenomatous polyposis coli; the BRCA1 gene for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer; and the mismatch repair genes for colon and other common cancers.
Cancers in which mutations have been identified in putative tumor suppressor genes, such as the TP53 gene, the retinoblastoma (RBI) gene, the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, and the Wilms tumor (WTI) gene, frequently show loss of the corresponding allele on the homologous chromosome.